07ZFR / KNOWLEDGE ARCHIVE
Practical technical guides for process studies, laboratory testing, plant design, commissioning and operating-plant optimization.
7 technical articles
CommissioningCommissioning is not a final construction event. It starts in engineering and moves the plant through controlled stages to repeatable production.
Read the full articleMagnetic separationHematite is more weakly magnetic than magnetite, making liberation, field gradient and washing conditions central to performance.
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Gold processingGold may be locked within sulphide grains, so a single direct-leach test is not enough to select the process route.
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Copper hydrometallurgySX/EW is a closed solution chain: leach chemistry and phase separation determine the electrolyte that ultimately controls cathode quality.
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FlotationFlotation performance emerges from liberation, surface chemistry, hydrodynamics and time. Changing one factor without controlling the others produces weak evidence.
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OptimizationReal optimization begins with a stable baseline and a reconciled mass balance—not several simultaneous equipment and reagent changes.
Read the full articlePlant designTurning an ore sample into a buildable plant starts with testwork and ends with coordinated process, mechanical, electrical and civil documents.
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